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Because studies reported their outcomes on different scales, they expressed all effect sizes as standardised mean differences using Hedges' g scores (accompanied by corresponding variances).
bModels utilized continuous outcomes and predicted mean differences using linear regression.
aModels utilized continuous outcomes and predicted mean differences using linear regression.
Additionally, effect sizes were computed for all mean differences using Cohen's d measure (Cohen, 1988) to demonstrate the magnitude of each difference.
Binary outcome data in listerial colonic carriage were analyzed for mean differences using Fisher's exact test offered on Vassar Stats.
LD50 values were calculated as previously described [11] and subjected to Probit analysis for mean differences using the Minitab 14 statistical analysis program.
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In Figure 2 the black diamonds represent the actual pooled mean difference using actual sample means.
To assess the minimal clinical relevant difference, we transformed the standardised mean difference into mean difference using scales with published minimal clinical relevant difference.
The sample size was calculated at a 5% level of significant, 80% power, to detect a 20% mean difference, using the mean and standard deviation from a similar study (Rondalli et al, 2010).
This is an estimated mean difference of 2.6 points, which is smaller than the five-point mean difference used earlier.
Differences in percentage mammographic density between the isoflavone-rich intervention and control periods were combined across studies using mean differences (MD) using a random effects model in Review Manager 5.0 software (2008).
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