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Bias was defined as the mean difference over the 500 replications between the estimation obtained by the method and the true occurrence rate of the event E in the complete simulated cohort (100 000 subjects with no drop-outs).
§Overall estimate is mean difference over all time points using a repeated measures model including variables adjusting for group, baseline score and time (see statistical analysis section for details).
The mean difference over time and between groups in reduction in % of colicky crying, crying and fussing in minutes/day will be compared using relevant statistical methods depending on distribution.
There was strong evidence of a decrease in the mean difference over time for these 11 midwives from 45.1 (sd 24, range 3.6 to 75) to 23.1 (sd 8.9, range 10.7 to 42.9), giving a mean difference of 22.1 (p = 0.02, 95% CI 3.8, 40.3).
Using this function in a second, different group of control subjects and CAD patients, excellent concordance and agreement was obtained between MBF or MFR derived from O-water and Rb without a systematic mean difference over the whole range of rest and hyperaemic flows.
The varying parameters used for the simulation are the cut-point, the skewness (by varying the log standard deviation, from 0.02 to 1), the effect size (mean difference over standard error, from 0.01 to 0.5) and the sample size (20 to 500).
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Paired sample t-test was used when analysing mean differences over time.
The trial [ 18] originally reported mean differences over placebo of the same order as the Bjordal meta-analysis [ 1].
Test-retest reliability was assessed by two-way, random effects single measure intraclass correlation (ICC) between visit 1 and visit 2. The ICC is a better indicator of stability over time than the Pearson product moment correlations as it assesses both variance explained by individuals and mean differences over time [ 26].
A greater mean difference calculated over 100 cycles and 3 measuring points indicates more motion allowed by the bone implant construct.
The largest difference was between suburban and rural living environments, where the mean difference, averaged over the entire 5-year period and for all cities, was 2.2°C during the day (~ 1330 hours) and 1.3°C at night (0130 hours).
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