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To represent the variation in the measurements, the coefficient of variation was calculated as the mean deviation divided by the mean [ 8].
Roy tests the hypothesis of lognormality of earnings by calculating measures of 'humpedness' (the mean deviation divided by the standard deviation) and skewness for a collection of different samples and comparing the measures to what one would expect from a normal versus a lognormal distribution.
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The average height reached by cell membrane is roughly proportional to the surface engulfed (see Additional file 1, Figure S10), and the mean-square deviation divided by the square root of the average height quantifies the variability of the phagocytic cup, excluding a trivial size dependence on the variability.
Power is evaluated for standardized effect sizes (i.e. mean difference divided by standard deviation) of 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, and 0.5, using a Type I error probability of 0.05 and a one sided test.
[ 4] Standardised effect sizes, calculated as the between-group mean difference divided by the standard deviation at baseline, are one approach to quantifying effect sizes in trials.
Clinical meaningfulness (mean difference divided by population standard deviation, δ/σ) of differences between the groups with and without lipoatrophy was also evaluated.
Intra- and inter-assay variations were determined as standard deviation divided by average mean multiplied by 100%.
To account for the effect of mean in interpreting SDs as a measure of variability, we have supplemented the statistic of coefficient of variation (defined as standard deviation divided by mean).
First we calculated a classic measure of deviation of σ/x̄ (standard deviation divided by mean).
Size variations (standard deviation divided by mean) in width and height were slightly smaller compared to human anthropometric measurements [53].
The coefficients of variation (CV) in % were calculated (standard deviation divided by mean value × 100) to describe imprecision.
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