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The values decreased to about 165 GPa when increasing the mean current density to 20 mA/cm20
The mean current density through a barrier when a field E a is applied across it is evaluated as (1).
The deposited nickel layer showed a (110) texture at a low mean current density of 2.5 mA/cm2, whereas at a high mean current density of 20 ma/cm2 a (100) texture was observed.
For nickel layers deposited with a mean current density of 2 mA/cm2, Young's modulus values of about 205 GPa were observed.
Furthermore, the efficiency loss can be influenced by 3 parameters of the fluctuating electric current: ripple factor, frequency and mean current density.
In a neutral solution, addition of small amounts of NaBr to relatively concentrated NaCl solutions modifies oscillation amplitude, frequency and mean current density.
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Flow field measurements and visualizations of the concentration distribution are given and related to measured mean current densities.
For the nickel layers deposited on the gold substrate the structure changed from a columnar structure at low mean current densities to a granular structure at high mean current densities, whereas for the layers deposited on copper a granular structure was observed even at low mean current densities.
At this OLR (HRT of 1.5 days), absolute values of the mean current densities and voltages between the working electrode and counter electrode were 0.21 A · m−2 and 1.88 V.
(B ) Mean current densities (CDs) ± SEM calculated at +120 mV.
Furthermore, longtime (30 h) stable FE is achieved from GNF CNT composites with optimal shapes at a high mean emission current density of 45.47 mA/cm2 and a low operation field of 1.766 V/μm, showing promising prospects in high-performance vacuum electronic device applications.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com