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TiO2 was uniformly distributed on the surface of AC, which exhibited coexisting anatase and rutile structures with a mean crystallite diameter of approximately 20 nm.
Mean crystallite diameter of the powder was determined by Debye-Scherrer equation from half width of diffraction peaks: D=left klambda right)/left(beta cos theta right) (1).
The mean crystallite diameter was calculated (using Scherrer's formula) to be 16.3, 42.7, and 11.4 nm for the native PVA-capped silver nanoparticles, samples obtained after 5 and 30 min of laser irradiation respectively.
where D is mean crystallite diameter, α is a geometrical factor (α = 0.94), λ is the wavelength of X-rays used for analysis and β is full width at half maxima (FWHM) of peaks.
where D is the mean crystallite diameter, k is a constant, λ is the wavelength of Cukα, θ is the Bragg diffraction angle, and β is the full width at half-maximum.
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Varying the mean crystallite diameters between 30 and 400 Å caused at least a 200-fold and 30-fold change in the surface densities of corner and edge sites, respectively.
Average crystallite diameter is found to be 6.63 17.55 nm.
This indicates that an average crystallite diameter of 8 nm is the upper size limit for the current approach.
Therefore, it was evaluated whether data on average crystallite diameter could be estimated by XRD as a supplementary or alternative approach.
Full width at half maximum based volume-weighted mean column height values (L Vol-FWHM) of coherently diffracting spherical domains (k = 0.89) are reported as average crystallite diameters.
Open circles show the average crystallite diameters, as extracted from XRD analysis, of ε-Co NPs synthesized in this work.
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