Measurements from the mid-femur and proximal tibia included bone periosteal circumference (mm), cortical cross-sectional area (CSA, mm), cortical attenuation (HU), mean cortical thickness (mm), maximum and minimum cortical cross-sectional moment of inertia weighted by HU (CSMI, HU cm), and muscle CSA (mm).
Briefly, the median- and mean cortical densities and their standard deviations (Mcd, SDcd) were determined over a wide range of non-operated calvarial bone.
This means that cortical bone is not always mapped to the contacting areas and softer elements will alter the natural stress distribution in those areas.
For those sites of bone sclerosis identified on CT, the relative density of sclerosis was intermediate between trabecular and cortical bone; mean (SD) HU for sclerosis was 814 (288), compared with 180 (86) for adjacent trabecular bone and 1,443 (431) for cortical bone, ANOVA P < 0.0001.
In summary, the current mouse femur study demonstrates that knee loading is an effective means to enhance cortical bone formation on the periosteal surface in the femoral diaphysis with an in situ strain as small as ~10 μstrain at the site of bone formation.
Phytase administration increased cross-sectional area, second moment of inertia, mean relative wall thickness, cortical bone mineral density and maximum elastic strength decreasing cortical bone area of femur (P < 0.05).
The mean ATP concentration in healthy cortical bone was significantly higher than that in the group with delayed healing and muscle-flap coverage.
Our results suggest that within the total of nine weeks of iban therapy, the mean stress at failure of cortical bone is increased by greater than 20%.
The mean (sd) coronal and sagittal cortical bone widths for the iban versus control groups were 3.7 mm (sd 0.83) versus 3.8 mm (sd 0.62) and 2.7 mm (sd 0.24) versus 3.0 mm (sd 0.21), respectively.
