Figure 5B shows the mean beta estimate for the similar and dissimilar task pairs in each subject for the Core, MTL, and DMPFC sub-networks.
To assess the neurofeedback learning effect, linear regressions of the mean beta parameter estimates over training runs were calculated for the differential feedback signal, for the SMA time course, and for the PHC time course.
Preprocessing steps and statistical analyses were similar to those of Experiment 1. Again, significant correlations between distance-to-mean and beta estimates of activity were found in several TVA voxels ranging from 0.25 to 0.36 with a maximum in the right hemisphere (ρ [CI95%] = 0.36 [0.13 0.55]; Figure 3D; Table S2).
For each participant, parameter estimates (mean beta weights) were derived from the rostral MPFC (averaged over all voxels within a 4 mm radius sphere of the peak voxel: −10, 68, 20) and the more caudal MPFC (averaged over all voxels within a 4 mm radius sphere of the peak voxel: −8, 54, 30) for each of the four conditions (relative to the baseline).
The biomarkers are standardized [ biomarker - biomarker mean)/SD] so the beta estimates are comparable.
In all figures containing bar plots of ROI-based beta estimates mean standard errors are additionally reported.
The summary statistical measures included effective sample sizes as well as strengths of associations, as indicated by beta estimates (mean ± standard error), proportional odds ratio (pOR) across three Ab response groups (HR, MR, and NR), OR for being responders (HR + MR vs. NR), 95% confidence interval (CI) for all pOR and OR estimates, along with P values (either nominal or adjusted).
Summary statistics in association analyses included: 1) proportional odds ratio (pOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs); 2) regression beta estimates, expressed as means and standard errors (SE), and 3) univariate and multivariable (adjusted) p values.
A further ROI-based analysis of the activation profiles (by means of BOLD-signal time courses and beta estimates; Fig. 4 B ) demonstrated that incongruency effects for familiar natural stimulus material were stable across the PRE and POST fMRI sessions.
Mean adiponectin levels were lower in Latino than white patients (beta estimates: -4.5 (-6.4, -2.5), p < 0.001 and -1.6 (-2.7, -0.5), p < 0.005 for total and HMW adiponectin), independent of age, gender, BMI/waist circumference, thiazolidinedione use, diabetes status, and renal function.
