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Exact(5)
In this paper, the derivations of expressions for effective static wind load distributions, for all possible combinations of mean, background and resonant response, are given.
The mean background and the standard deviation of the background were measured in 19 VOIs, equal in size to the signal VOI, and placed in the central plane of the phantom.
The gray scale was then set such that white (gray scale 0 or minimum scale) was set at −10 standard deviations from the mean background and black (gray scale 256 or maximum scale) is set to +10 standard deviations above mean background.
However, direct comparison of mean background and peak values does not take into account other important factors such as the characteristics of soil and climate (different levels of development of soil horizons, organic matter content, vegetation, etc)., as well as the existence of diffuse degassing structures (Chiodini et al. 2001) which can greatly contribute to peak population values.
In fact, in 5,000 simulated data sets, the average response detection rates for at least one of the antigens (k = 2 or 10) were <5% with the DFR eq) method and <1% with the DFR(2x) method across a variety of mean background and experimental spot counts (2 to 50).
Similar(55)
Compute means background and object gray-level.
The quantification of the mean background intensity and mean fluorescence intensity of Spc97-GFP and Spc110-GFP signals at SPBs was performed on planes having SPBs in focus.
Mean background counts and corresponding SD were determined on a half-moon-shaped region of interest on the background.
The signal mean, background mean, and standard deviation were used to calculate the signal to noise ratio defined in Eq. 1.
The definition of the signal to noise used in this study is shown in the following equation: [19] mathrm{S}mathrm{N}mathrm{R} = frac{left|overline{s}-overline{b}right|}{sigma_b} (1 where ( overline{s} ) is the mean signal value, ( overline{b} ) is the mean background value, and σ b is the standard deviation of the background.
The remarkable ability of the vertebrate retina to adapt to the ∼109 fold range of light intensities that spans a moonless night and a bright sunny day relies on a complex interplay between responses to the mean background illumination and signals originating from an endogenous circadian (24-h) clock [1] [3].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com