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The lCNV was the mean amplitude during the 200 ms preceding S2.
Vertical progressions, which consist of rears, head scans, and descent, also strongly oscillate but with constant mean amplitude during a trial.
Mean amplitude within the respective time window was calculated for each component and mean amplitude during the period 100 ms prior to stimulus onset (baseline) was subtracted.
Task type had a significant main effect in the mean amplitude during P2 [ F 2,30) = 24.446, p < 0.01].
In the mean amplitude during CNV (600-800 ms), task type had a significant main effect in mean amplitude [ F 2,30) = 12.197, p < 0.01].
Repeated-measures ANOVAs with response type (correct go, incorrect no-go) as a within-subject variable revealed significant error-related effects on mean amplitude during the ERN [fronto-central electrode (FCz): 0.3 vs. –4.0 μV; F 1,166) = 81.6, p < 0.001], Pe [Cz: 1.7 vs. 8.2 μV; F 1,166) = 127.1, p < 0.001], and Pc [FCz: 4.4 vs. 6.7 μV; F 1,166) = 13.9, p < 0.001] latency intervals.
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In contrast, no significant changes of the mean amplitudes during positivity trials were observed (feedback F =.193, p =.666; transfer F =.133, p =.720).
The mean amplitudes during correct and incorrect trials were then calculated by averaging the amplitudes observed during the 1.5 s nose poke intervals leading to a correct or incorrect response for a single session.
Post hoc test showed that the mean amplitudes during negativity trials, during feedback (F = 4.772, p =.044) as well as during transfer (F = 7.222, p =.016), showed a significant change in the desired direction.
Interestingly, a cross-sectional study of nonmeditators following either a guided mindfulness practice CD or an educational talk demonstrated that the mindfulness induction also had the effect of reducing Pe mean amplitudes during error trials in a flanker task (Larson, Steffen, & Primosch, 2013).
The results from multiple correct trials in a single session were averaged and then divided by the mean amplitude observed during 2.0 s baseline inter-trial intervals in the center chamber of the behavioral apparatus.
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