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The incidence of T-2 + HT-2 (> 5 μg kg−1) in oats, oat flakes, oat meal and oat by-products was 93, 77, 34 and 99%, respectively.
The mean values of T-2 + HT-2 were 94, 17, 11 and 293 μg kg−1 for oats, oat flakes, oat meal and oat by-products, respectively.
The occurrence and levels of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in oats, oat flakes, oat meal and oat by-products from European oat mills in 2005 2009 are summarized in Table 2. T-2 and HT-2 toxins were found together in most contaminated samples and the incidence of the toxins (as > 5 μg kg−1) in oats, oat flakes, oat meal and oat by-products were 93, 77, 34 and 99%, respectively.
Matrix-matched calibrations with T-2 and HT-2 toxin-free whole oat meal and oat flakes were used.
The method has been validated for the analysis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in both whole oat meal and oat flakes.
The linear range was 5 400 and 2 500 ng ml−1 for oat meal and oat flakes, respectively, with a correlation of 0.999 or better.
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A total of 243 raw oat samples, 529 oat flakes, 105 oat meal and 209 oat by-products were taken for analysis.
Limit of quantification was 5.0 μg kg−1 for T-2 toxin/HT-2 toxin/C T-2 toxin for oat meal and, in oat flakes, 3.8 μg kg−1 for T-2 toxin and C T-2 toxin, and 3.2 μg kg−1 for HT-2 toxin.
Limit of detection was 0.5 μg kg−1 for T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and C T-2 toxin in oat meal and, in oat flakes, 0.38 μg kg−1 for T-2 toxin and C T-2 toxin, and 0.32 μg kg−1 for HT-2 toxin.
Processing of oats to oat flakes and oat meal in the mills reduced mean toxin levels by 82 and 88%, respectively.
The last of the eggs and oat meal were prepared in before dawn breakfast for the sit‐ins.
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