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Animal study revealed that the diabetic rats had significantly higher escape latency, a shorter average swimming time in the target quadrant and a longer average distance traveled to the platform in the Morris water maze compared with control group.
Elevated plus-mazes exploit rodents' innate fear of novel, open areas; that is, animals spend significantly less time exploring the open and exposed elevated arm of a maze, compared with the enclosed elevated arm (Pellow et al. 1985; Pellow and File 1986; Lister 1987).
Both young and old rats performed better in learning to run a maze compared with rats that were not fed cilantro, and the benefits were directly proportional to the amount of cilantro in their diet.
NET+/P mice spent less time in the open arms and more time in the closed arms of the maze compared with NET+/+ mice (Fig. 6A; P<0.05 and 0.01, respectively, n=16 18).
SAG1.1 treated mice also showed improved hippocampal long-term potentiation and correction of learning deficits in the Morris water maze compared with untreated mice, demonstrating improved hippocampal function in response to transient Hh pathway activation.
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Notably, 5XFAD mice showed significantly reduced levels of spontaneous alternation performance in the Y-maze compared with wild-type controls (p<0.05), while the spatial working memory deficits were rescued to wild-type levels in 5XFAD mice with BACE1+/− genotype, which exhibited significantly higher spontaneous alternation than did 5XFAD mice (p<0.05).
Experiments were performed to assess whether releasing wasps in groups of 12 (the number of wasps trained in one 12-well microtiter plate) affected the choice they made in the T-maze compared with individually released wasps in N. vitripennis.
Whereas wt mice spent more time in the novel arm of a Y-maze compared with recently visited, familiar arms and entered the novel arm more often, this novelty preference was reduced in NRG1tg-type I mice, confirming the presence of impaired spatial short-term memory (Fig. 1 C and Supplementary Table 2).
Reference memory was impaired on the 3D maze when compared with the 2D maze.
Mice that had been intracerebroventricularly administered Aβ25-35 Aβ25-35a showedicant reduction of alternation behavior in the Y maze tesignificant with contreduction indicating that mice with Aβ25–35 shofed impalternationng memory (Fig. 1behavior
The CPB group also had longer water maze latencies compared with the sham-operated controls (P = 0.004), indicating significant neurocognitive dysfunction after CPB.
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