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A limitation of these filters is that they may yield spurious results.
This trade-off has been described in detail when the cross and power spectra are smoothed using identical smoothing operators, which may yield spurious coherent frequencies.
The presence of a discrete confounding variable may yield spurious correlations if the marginal distributions vary across the groups implied by the confounder.
When dealing with time series data, it is important to investigate whether the series are stationary or not because the regression of non-stationary series on another may yield spurious results.
Despite that cDNA arrays potentially offer the advantage of only minor effects of mismatches, some studies of closely related species showed that cross-species expression profiling using one common cDNA array is complicated and may yield spurious results [5].
Expenditures were not adjusted to current dollars since use of a general price index may yield spurious findings when applied to specific patients in specific health plans who consumed specific healthcare services and since the distribution of study groups by calendar year was comparable.
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The general picture that emerges is that the use of single species arrays for comparison between species may be problematic and yield spurious results [ 24], warranting careful data analysis and a significant amount of confirmatory analysis using other techniques.
Second, the present study involves multiple exposure and outcome measures, and the resulting larger number of statistical tests may have yielded spurious associations.
Second, the small sample sizes for many of the categorical analyses as well as some of the meta-regression analyses, for example, static balance, may have yielded spurious results.
The pulmonary artery catheter, used to measure pressure in the heart and lungs, can yield spurious data because of poor positioning.
The low-rank approximation of covariance matrices can yield spurious correlations between supposedly uncorrelated state components and measurements.
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