Exact(1)
CD40L or its circulating soluble counterpart (sCD40L) may upregulate inflammatory and immune responses [ 12– 12].
Similar(59)
One hypothesized mechanism is that inflammation may upregulate the inflammatory response in anatomically distinct locations such as the uterus and the amniotic cavity [ 7- 9].
Transfusion has previously been shown to upregulate inflammatory genes and cytokine production [ 32- 34].
CTLA4-FasL, a fusion product integrating two inhibitory elements of CTLA4 (which can induce T cell anergy through blocking costimulatory signal) and FasL (which may upregulate Fas-mediated apoptosis in inflammatory synoviocytes) into one molecule, might be a desirable engineered derivative of soluble FasL which exerts severe side effects and poor activities.
Although the mechanisms responsible for RAC3 overexpression in tumors are not at all clear to date, we have recently demonstrated that inflammatory response may upregulate the RAC3 gene expression.
These findings, together with the observation that an inflammatory milieu may upregulate HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules (ICOS-L and CD40), led to the idea that myoblasts can become facultative APCs in both MHCI and II-dependent immune reactions, forming functional immunological synapses with T cells [ 59, 60].
Inflammatory stimuli such as prostaglandins, bradykinin, and nerve growth factor may upregulate the expression and function of TRPV-1 [ 28- 30].
One possible mechanism may be represented by the fact that obesity is now known as a systemic inflammatory condition and that adipose tissue secretes various inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) which may upregulate the receptor activator of nuclear factor k ligands (RANKL), stimulating osteoclastogenesis and leading to bone resorption.
In this way, CGRP may upregulate the production of receptor proteins and pro-nociceptive molecules.
STAT3 may upregulate expression of NF-κβ and has increased expression in lung cancer.
They may upregulate other cadherin isoforms, such as N-cadherin.
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