Of all patients with rectal cancer who undergo pre-operative MRI staging, about half will have features indicating a good prognosis (T1-T3a-b, N0, no vascular invasion, clear CRM) and may safely undergo primary TME [4, 39], although others advocate neo-adjuvant therapy for all T3N0 tumours [74].
Incident photons may undergo three primary radiation interactions, Compton scattering (moderate energy), pair production (high energy), and the photoelectric effect (low energy).
For example, a patient may undergo one primary arthroplasty, then a second followed by a revision of the first arthroplasty, and then a third arthroplasty or another revision and so on.
Indeed, it has been reported females are less likely to; consult their general practitioner for hip OA, be referred for specialist care, consult an orthopaedic surgeon, be on a waiting list for primary THR, or females may be more hesitant to undergo primary THR than males [ 34].
The presence of difficult-to-reach sites that may preclude optimal debulking (Table 1) suggests that the patient should undergo primary chemotherapy.
Younger patients who undergo primary TKR have associated with higher corticosteroid use and may lead to steroid-induced osteoporosis.
However, wear-related failures, such as bearing surface wear, osteolysis, and mechanical loosening, may be less of a concern among Medicare patients when compared with younger, more active patients who undergo primary THA [ 8].
After staging, the individual will undergo primary therapy.
Patients who become operable during chemotherapy may undergo treatment of the primary tumour (patients in the control arm) or metastases (patients in the experimental and control arm) with curative intent.
