While the "parental" copy conserves its original function, duplicated genes may undergo functional diversification by evolving new functions and therefore offer the organisms the ability to adapt to new environmental conditions [ 4- 8].
Our results also suggest a teleological interpretation, namely that certain regulators of chromatin dynamics and transcription, such as HP1γ, may undergo functional pressures (for example Aurora A phosphorylation) to maintain the integrity of cell division so that their own epigenetic inheritance is reproducible from cell generation to cell generation.
However, the significant elevation of evolutionary rates in all three acquired genes and the detection of specific sites under positive selection suggest that amid the overall stabilizing selection, the genes may still undergo functional evolution to adapt to bartonellae-specific metabolic pathways.
Because mouse is a more complex organism than nematode and yeast, it was proposed that mouse duplicate genes may tend to undergo functional divergence instead of preserving functional compensation (Zhang 2003; Liao and Zhang 2007).
These difference in the structural features of the BnFT paralogues strongly suggested that they may have undergone functional differentiation and regulatory variation in the context of polyploidy.
Nevertheless, a comparison of the expression between orthologous genes of this subfamily demonstrated that the majority of the orthologous pairs did not share a similar expression profile, indicating that these orthologous LRRII-RLKs may have undergone functional divergence.
Figure 5 C– E show distinct expression profiles of genes with shared 5′ or 3′ regions, or both, and that passed the expression filter, suggesting that some new genes created by alternative DNA processing may have undergone functional divergence.
Circulating monocytes undergo functional and phenotypic changes in TB patients, although the presence of different subtypes of monocytes in peripheral blood may have reverse implications for TB control at sites of infection [ 37, 38].
In the presence of a brain tumour, endothelial cells may undergo phenotypic and functional changes, which result in promotion of tumour growth (Demeule et al., 2004).
Following duplication, new copies of a gene may undergo modifications allowing functional diversification, which is a significant source of evolutionary novelty in plants [ 32].
Moreover, they are naturally occurring inorganic cation exchangers, and so they may undergo ion exchange with functional molecules and/or particles through an intercalation process, particularly with basic drugs.
