Exact(1)
As AdV is a common infection in intrauterine environments (Van den Veyver et al, 1998; Baschat et al, 2003), and expression of the E1A and E1B oncogenes of AdV-5 may transform normal cells into a tumorigenic phenotype (Nevels et al, 2001), this virus could potentially be involved in the initial event promoting leukaemia.
Similar(59)
The cells' origins and formation are not entirely clear, but evidence suggests they may transform from normal stem cells under the influence of inflammatory cytokines and other factors.
PDK-1 can transform normal human cells and may be involved in invasion and metastasis process (Zeng et al, 2002; Xie et al, 2003, 2006).
And, in a surprising spinoff, that same discovery also may lead to a relatively safe, simple way to transform normal adult cells into stem cells that could be used to treat other diseases.
Arsenic is known to transform normal stem cells into cancer stem cells, but a new study shows that arsenic-induced malignant cells may do so even without direct arsenic exposure [ EHP 120 6):865 871; Xu et al.].
Antibiotics, which transform normal friendly microbes into inflammation-promoting and disease-causing pathogens, are a "maybe"?
Some reports imply that so-called tumor stem cell (TSC) or tumor-initiating cells may arise from transformed normal adult stem cells [30].
The above transition, which underlies our current study, indicates that normal cells may transform into cancer cells, and then the cancer cells reproduce, decline and die out ultimately.
We speculate that this concept of chemically changing the gene profile of tumor into "normal-like" tissue will open new avenues to identify the key target genes that may transform a neoplastic cell into a normal cell.
Next it may transform politics.
* May transform personal DNA analysis, drug discovery.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com