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Exact(5)
2. Specific working conditions such as physical strain at work, time pressure at work, workload and job autonomy are recognised or at least supposed correlates of both WLC and MSD and may therefore confound the relationship (confounding hypothesis).
The perception of headache intensity may be more vulnerable to subjective bias and may therefore confound the current analysis.
Physical activity may therefore confound associations between eating habit variables and BMI z-score.
Increase in this form of health service-seeking behavior among STD patients may therefore confound observed trends.
For example, patients with a worse prognosis may receive different care from patients deemed to have a better prognosis; prognostic factors may therefore confound the relation between process and outcome.
Similar(55)
Likewise the specificity of the outcomes in relation to the test examined relies on the primary studies reporting other possible causative factors, such as the gestation at birth when examining the relationship or umbilical cord pH with cerebral palsy, as both may influence the outcome and therefore confound the results.
However, S. aureus isolates obtained from hospital patients may represent nosocomial transmission, and could therefore confound understanding of the intrinsic pathogenesis of specific S. aureus strains.
The previously estimated relationships may therefore be confounded by differences in socioeconomic development (particularly maternal education, a well-established key determinant of health service utilization and child health outcomes).
The association between an intensive glycaemic target and increased risk of ketoacidosis may therefore be confounded by the mode of insulin administration.
Associations we detected, particularly between risk management strategies and STI and HIV diagnosis, may therefore be confounded by other, unmeasured factors.
Segmental translation and rotation, as quantitative measures of abnormal spinal kinematics, may therefore be confounded by simple unwillingness of the patient to move as much as he or she may be able, which would be a limitation of the methodology.
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