CCN proteins can also modulate the activities of several growth factors and cytokines, including TGF-β, TNFα, VEGF, BMPs, and Wnt proteins, and may thereby regulate a broad array of biological processes.
Polymorphisms in pre-miRNA may influence miRNA maturation and thereby modulate miRNA expression.
Nucleotide variations to the reference miRNA transcript sequence may have altered target specificity and thereby modulate different biological processes to further fine tune post-transcriptional gene expression.
As a result, it may activate or inhibit the transcription of mRNA and thereby modulate the production of various proteins (Figs. 1 and 2).
We have delineated another downstream target of NF- κB, the cytokine/LPS-inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which may respond to NF- κB inhibitors as well and thereby modulate the radioresponse of tumour cells.
Thus Ca2+ release via TPC2 may critically regulate the intraluminal pH of lysosomes and thereby modulate the activity of pH-sensitive hydrolytic lysosomal enzymes, such as glucocerebrosidase, which exhibits a marked loss of function at pH > 5 (76, 100) and may lead thereby to consequent accumulation of macromolecules, such as glucocerebroside.
Therefore, can such SNPs affect the IFNL signaling and thereby modulate the Th1/Th2 balance during infection?
Both these mechanisms are potentially involved in regulating vesicular glutamate content and may thereby indirectly modulate vesicular size.
We therefore hypothesized that in the absence of MGL, increased 2-AG concentrations may act on CB2R, thereby modulating immune responses and atherogenesis.
It is possible that endogenous PEPD released into the extracellular space or blood circulation in vivo may not be unduly diluted, thereby modulating the function of cells and tissues where ErbB2 has an important role physiologically or pathologically.
