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This recognizes that the average measured value may systematically vary from physician to physician: (1) Z ij = α + a j + e ij a j ~ N 0, τ intercept 2 e ij ~ N 0, σ error 2. The random intercept at the physician level and the random error term at the patient level are assumed to have a normal distribution with mean zero and variance τ intercept 2 = var a j and σ error 2, respectively.
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This was found with the original robots and also with CGI images built to systematically vary in human likeness.
This task may be employed to understand the neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical substrates mediating memory while attentional load is systematically varied.
Alternatively, the genotype groups within this study could have systematically varied in dimensions of attractiveness (actual or perceived) or other mating-relevant aspects that may have influenced the results.
Our identifying assumption may fail to hold if, for example, the extent to which patients suffer from co-morbidities or comply with medical protocols, systematically varies across catchment areas, conditional on all control variables.
As the simulated flights progressed, the researchers systematically varied the levels of automation in use.
were systematically varied within the work.
The thickness of InGaAs SBL and SRL was systematically varied.
Stimulus intensity could be systematically varied by controlling the amplitude of the skin indentation.
We systematically varied the dissociation constant and on-rate of the indicator (not shown).
In contrast, bedtimes were systematically varied.
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