Pathogens may subvert this host defence by inhibiting mucin synthesis and secretion or causing premature shedding of the mucus producing epithelial cells.
Immunoevasins are key proteins used by viruses to subvert host immune responses.
To subvert host defense, they beat it at its own game: they hijack host pathways by mimicking the binding surfaces of host-encoded proteins.
In order to survive and propagate, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to subvert host defense system by encoding proteins that target key components of the immune signaling pathways.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, manifests discreet strategies to subvert host immune responses, which enable the pathogen to survive and multiply inside the macrophages.
These effectors subvert host cell signaling to establish symbiosis or disease.
Therefore, viruses have developed mechanisms to subvert host immune responses in order to increase viral spread.
Indeed, for pathogenic bacteria T3Es were shown to trigger and to subvert host defences.
Bacterial pathogens are endowed with extraordinarily abilities to subvert host cell functions as they initiate and establish an infection.
It is now well known that pathogens can remodel and subvert host pathways to facilitate their own survival at the expense of the host [3].
