This may require sampling at submaximal spatial resolutions (largely, we used 64 × 64 pixels, even though the chip contains 128 × 128).
Ultimately, to derive detailed mechanistic insights from leachate compositions may require sampling and characterisation of tephra deposits on an equal or greater scale than that associated with MSH.
In other words, 93% of the geographic differences in gene expression were timepoint dependent, which strongly suggests that a comprehensive description of geographic differentiation in D. melanogaster transcript abundance may require sampling that accounts for circadian time.
On the other hand, sedentary species such as oysters and specific local habitats like tidal creeks may give a very accurate picture of localized effects of contaminants, toxins and pathogens, but gaining a picture of more widespread impacts may require sampling of sentinels in numerous locations.
The main weaknesses of PCR-based assays are that they do not preserve tissue morphology, may require sample macro- or microdissection to enrich for tumor content, heterogeneity can be missed and contamination with normal or ductal carcinoma in situ may lead to both false-negative and false-positive results.
For example, water monitoring using invertebrate diversity indices may only require samples be identified to family to be useful.
However, it may require many samples to achieve that guarantee causing the algorithm to be slower than other deterministic approaches.
Additionally, the small sample size makes it possible that some interesting suggestions present in our data (e.g., nonsignificant lower diversity in the middle meatus in nonallergic subjects compared with all other comparisons) may require larger samples to confirm.
Outcome measures may be intuitively the most useful indicators of quality, but their opponents argue that they are subject to considerable confounding and may require large samples for sufficiently precise measurement.
