Furthermore, some QOL domain measures may require extended periods of time before significant changes are observed.
Infections represent a challenging problem for the orthopaedic surgeon, and treatment may require long periods of antibiotics administration.
Management of anastomotic strictures may require extended periods of serial endoscopic dilation, with significant risk, cost, and inconvenience for the patient.
Even children with less severe injuries experience long-term functional impairments and may require long periods of therapy to restore pre-injury health (Polinder et al. [2005]; Rivara [2011]).
Accordingly, based on studies conducted so far (Table 1), it seems plausible to suggest that durations between 2 and 3 min should be adequate to confirm V̇O2max during verification phases, although some clinical populations may require longer periods.
This stiffness, combined with severe difficulties extracting oxygen due to the alveolar fluid, may require long periods of mechanical ventilation for survival.
Second, antibiotic resistance may require prolonged periods before clinical consequences are observed.
If low grade, chronic peroxide, aldehyde, or MDA exposure is important in disease it may require long periods of followup to identify an effect.
The patient may require prolonged periods of intubation and ventilation, increasing vulnerability to ventilator-associated pneumonia, tracheal stenosis, difficulty in weaning and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
The DCCT/ Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) follow-up did show cardiovascular benefit (11), leading to the concepts that this may require long periods of time and that there may be benefit to early control.
