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According to Desjardins and colleagues, this may represent vestiges of what was once cap cuticle or peridial tissue in an ancestor.
Such RNA elements may represent vestiges of an early RNA world in which amino acid coding for protein synthesis was facilitated by direct amino acid RNA interactions.
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Indeed, seismic studies across the Canadian Shield have identified buried geophysical anomalies that may represent the vestiges of subduction zones that may be 2.7 billion years old.
The pol mitotype also contains numerous short repeated sequences, including direct repeats and inverted repeats; those located at the edge of rearranged syntenic regions may represent the vestiges of past recombination events that restructured the genome.
In cultivated peanut pods, the isthmus is virtually nonexistent and has given way to a more or less deep pod constriction that may represent a vestige of the isthmus.
Like the preceding y-nauplius and y-cyprid stages, the ypsigon lacks a functional gut, but an elongated, dark mass of cells filled with fat globules and extending through most of the body may represent a vestige of this organ system.
These gene clusters have been suggested to represent vestiges of bacterial operons [ 12, 24].
It has been hypothesized that auxiliary cells in Gigaspora species might represent vestiges of relict reproductive structures [ 36] but without evidence of karyogamy.
We did not, however, sequence mtDNA haplotypes and cannot comment on whether these clusters represent vestiges of the colonization or expansion of distinct geographic lineages.
This tRNA pseudogene may represent the degenerating vestige of a duplication event that occurred in collembolan mtDNA early in the evolution of the group, given that in the same position a similar spacer is also present in G. hodgsoni [ 5] (50 bp) and Podura aquatica [ 8] (150 bp).
Eighteen different endocrine cells can be identified within the gastrointestinal tract, but it is probable that several of these and their particular peptides are evolutionary vestiges that functioned in other stages of human development, while others may represent different stages of maturation of the same endocrine cell.
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