Indeed, epigenetic and genetic changes may jointly regulate genome activity and evolution, as recent evolutionary biology modeling suggests (Day and Bonduriansky 2011; Klironomos et al. 2013).
The first steps for high-throughput mapping of chromosome architecture in specific cell types are under way to help understand the mechanisms by which genome architecture may regulate gene expression.
Furthermore, certain organisms such as Oikopleura dioica, which has one of the smallest genomes in animals, have distinctive life cycles and possess H2A genes with and without arginines, which may enable them to dynamically regulate genome compaction at different stages of their life cycles (Moosmann et al., 2011) (for species with H2A isoforms, see attached spreadsheet).
Although the swr1 mutant also showed sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, htz1 mutant grew slower than the swr1 mutant, which indicated that Htz1 may have Swr1-independent functions to regulate genome stability.
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate genome structure and expression profiles in eukaryotes.
Beyond DNA compaction, chromatin organization represents a means to regulate genome function.
CSN6-COP1 axis can regulate genome integrity [ 7].
Hypermethylation of the CpG islands located at the long control region (LCR) of the HPV genome may regulate the expression of the major oncogenes E6 and E7, and may relate to cancer progression.
However, genes in the IRMA network may regulate other genes in the genome.
It is estimated that the VDR activation may regulate about 5% of the total genome [ 10], pathway analysis suggesting effects upon regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, membrane transport, matrix homeostasis, tissue mineralization, and cell adhesion [ 11].
