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Patients may refuse surgery or chemotherapy, only to have their diseases become life-threatening; they may consent to join experimental studies without fully understanding the risks; they may make life-and-death decisions like signing do-not-resuscitate orders.
However, a sizeable fraction of patients are at high risk for postoperative mortality and may refuse surgery or cannot undergo surgery due to comorbidity [ 4].
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It is important to note that competence is decision-, time-, and place-specific and that individuals may be competent for one decision (such as what to eat and drink) and not another (such as whether to refuse surgery) and may be competent one day and not the next.
However, some patients refuse surgery while pregnant, even if radical resection is possible, and they want to continue their pregnancy.
"Refuse surgery among the poor, because they expect an improvement on the original".
Obesity may be an important factor in selection for surgery as some orthopaedic surgeons may refuse to perform TKR unless weight loss has occurred; surgical outcomes are generally poorer in obese patients with greater perioperative morbidity and mortality [ 55, 56].
Children may refuse to do their homework.
Benn and Eagle may refuse other posts.
Patients suffering from anorexia nervosa may refuse treatment.
However, people may refuse to answer a specific question.
As a consequence they may refuse to seek help, refuse treatment when diagnosed, and even refuse to accept a diagnosis of depression [ 7].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com