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One of the reasons for the differences in the findings of FAF and GVF may be because changes in FAF may precede functional loss detected by GVF.
Furthermore, structural abnormalities in the optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) may precede functional defects in the visual fields.
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The conclusions presented here suggest that weakening of the inhibitory activity of the MOC may precede the functional disturbances in OHC that occur with age.
The expression pattern of acute tubular damage biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been shown to precede functional AKI and, therefore, may be useful to identify very early tubular damage.
Diffusion methods may facilitate the measurement of tissue parameters that precede functional or macroscopic structural neural alterations.
As well as a potential consequence of psychosis, it has been suggested that social disability may precede illness onset, with functional impairment also evident in the prodromal phase.
In prospect, electrophysiological alterations of peripheral nerves and muscles may help in instituting timely treatments since they may precede muscle weakness and functional impairment or their diagnosis can be established at an earlier stage [ref-3].
In the study by Hashimoto and colleagues [ 53], several participants with atherosclerosis had normal cIMT, but decreased macrovascular endothelium-dependent function, thus highlighting that functional abnormalities may precede morphological abnormalities.
Overweight may have independent associations with blood pressure that may precede decreased kidney function.
Muscle functional declines have been detected in the absence of obvious structural deterioration, suggesting that functional losses may precede structural declines [2].
However, in the present study DMN connectivity disruption was detected in the absence of significant GM changes, possibly implying that functional changes may precede GM structural abnormalities.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com