These proteins regulate the activation of Bax and Bak that ultimately perturb mitochondrial integrity, leading to apoptosis.
A number of bacteria and bacterial pathogens secrete protein or toxin virulence factors that perturb mitochondrial function to promote proliferation and infection [ 73- 79].
Although the aliphatic fraction failed to perturb mitochondrial function, the aromatic fraction increased the Ca2+ retention capacity at low doses and induced mitochondrial swelling and a decrease in ΔΨm at high doses.
First, the variations in mitochondrial phenotypes suggest that although PD, AD and HD clearly perturb mitochondrial dynamics, the effects are unlikely to result from simple, direct effects on the processes of fusion and fission.
Inasmuch as Aβ impairs mitochondrial function (Keller et al., 1998), there may be a role for perturbed mitochondrial function in the adverse effects of Aβ on neural plasticity (Mattson et al., 1998), although this remains to be established.
Damage to the vessel walls themselves may perturb skin circulation.
The diffuse multipath returns from rough walls may perturb the range-profile and hence the time-delay estimates, which in turn will perturb the target location estimates.
Failure to carry out this inhibition may be detrimental to the cell, as their presence may perturb chromosome segregation [58].
Sampling metabolites is a non-trivial problem, especially for planktonic cells, as the sampling process may perturb metabolism.
A sub- or supra-optimal glucose signaling may perturb the normal gravitropic response exhibited by the wild-type seedlings.
