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Consistent with this idea studies indicate that autophagy may operate upstream of apoptosis [21], [22].
These data suggest that the Hh pathway may operate upstream of the Wnt pathway in B8 cells.
Thus, our results indicating a significant down-regulation of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, VEGF, and p53 following stable DSPP-silencing in OSC2 cells suggests that DSPP may operate upstream of these protein products.
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CHEK2 might operate upstream of CHEK1 and downstream of DNA damage response (PML, TOPB1, ATM).
We have recently discovered signal transduction pathways which operate upstream of the C/EBPα-HDAC1-Brm complex.
DAPK, and a few other genes, have been reported to operate upstream to p53 to induce apoptosis.
Upstream regulation of AFP expression by HNF1β at the transcriptional level may operate specifically during the course of HCC progression following recurrence.
Gas lamps may operate without mantles.
Gauges may operate mechanically or electrically.
They may operate at the subconscious level.
A similar mechanism may operate in ECs.
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