We mention that the cause of these differences will require future investigation, in particular how other pheromones or odorants may modulate the behavioral responses mediated by 9-tricosene alone.
Thus, genetic variants that affect the structure and/or the function of the dopamine transporter may retain reasonable a priori probability to modulate behavioral response to MPH.
This control is essential since these variables can modulate behavioral performances and physiological activities in various cognitive tasks [3], [4].
This relational aspect manifests itself (a) in the patient who may modulate his/her behaviors as a function of the environment, and (b) in the observer who can perceive and interpret, and thus score subjectively behavioral pain reactivity.
The present study set out to examine whether the presence of a pure trigeminal stimulus during odor encoding may modulate odor perception at both behavioral and cortical levels.
Furthermore, the modulation may be bidirectional: Attentional allocation also may modulate the reward signal based on behavioral goals.
Our results therefore provide new support to the view that adult attachment style can shape how individuals perceive social information in various contexts, and converge with recent behavioral findings that it may modulate recognition judgments for emotional expressions in unfamiliar faces [6], [7].
Lower-risk alleles compete against other behavioral risk factors that may modulate one's overall likelihood of developing melanoma and other forms of skin cancer.
We also see emerging interest in how placental function may modulate fetal exposures, and how social and behavioral factors (including diet), as well as the child's microbiome, may influence childhood exposures and responses.
Consistent with this hypothesis, behavioral studies in humans suggest that reward may modulate sleep-related memory consolidation (Fischer and Born, 2009; Werchan and Gómez, 2013; Oudiette et al., 2013).
