For example, these factors may modify the environmental exposure experienced by older individuals through effects on behavior and lifestyle choices, by influencing residential choices, daily habits, and activity patterns.
Several studies have demonstrated that genetic variants may modify the influence of environmental factors on behavioral outcomes, or, equivalently, that environmental factors modify the effects of genes (e.g., Caspi et al. 2002, 2003; Foley et al. 2004; Huizinga et al. 2004; Yaffe et al. 2000).
Our findings give further evidence suggesting that HPA-axis related gene polymorphisms may modify the association between environmental factors and PTSD exposure to trauma.
Our findings indicate that N-acetylation polymorphisms may modify the association between environmental risk factors and oesophageal cancer risk and that N-acetyltransferases may play a key role in detoxification of carcinogens.
Finally, we did not evaluate the effect of common environmental exposure on the associations between the genes of the immune pathway and wheezing but, as it has been suggested that environmental exposure may modify the effect of such genetic variants on disease susceptibility, an analysis of gene-environmental interactions is necessary before drawing any definite conclusions.
Maternal genes and environmental exposures may modify the fetus through direct interactions or through alterations in the intrauterine environment during development [17], [18].
Environmental factors may modify results according to the discipline rules, mobility milieu (snow, ice, water, air), motion type (running, cycling, skiing, swimming) or duration of the event.
26,58,108 Departures from the environmental optimum may modify organismic form.
It is well known that genetic variants may modify cancer risk associated with environmental factors.
