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Although neutrophils and macrophages have traditionally been looked upon as dominant cell types during the resolution phase, accessory cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and TReg have more recently emerged as important players during resolution and may link innate and adaptive immune systems (Fig 3).
Also the production of IL-12 (produced from 2 h on) and IFN- γ (undetectable at 2 h, but systemically present at 6 h), pro-inflammatory cytokines that may link innate with adaptive immunity, was reduced thanks to apyrase treatment, albeit not significantly (not shown).
It is also of interest to note that up-regulation of LTB4R expression has been identified in seven out of nine experiments in human via the Expression Atlas [ 124] and furthermore that LTB4R expression on T cells is regulated by inflammation and may link innate and adaptive immune responses [ 122].
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Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen sensing and presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity.
Natural killer (NK) cell activation can be critical to link innate and cognate immune responses [31] [33].
Similar to DCs, macrophages also link innate and adaptive immunity.
They may link to her.
Cytokine mediated immunity linking innate and adaptive immunities in host may play a crucial role in determining the outcome of HBV infection [ 24, 25].
Recent reports indicate that inflammatory cells both of the innate (macrophages, neutrophils) and adaptive immune system (B lymphocytes, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD8+ T-lymphocytes) or cells linking innate and adaptive immunity (dendritic cells) may play an important role in the development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema [ 7- 9].
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important immune cells linking innate and adaptive immune responses.
Dendritic cells are key elements linking innate and adaptive immunity.
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