Although the molecular mechanism underlying chloroquine resistance P. vivax may involve multigenic loci, the pvmdr1 polymorphism at Y976F may provide a useful tool to monitor the emergence of chloroquine resistance.
For example, animal resistance may involve many loci of small effect that remained undetected in these studies.
A limitation of this multi-population approach is that resistance is likely to have evolved independently in the different resistant populations and may involve different loci or different SNPs or haplotypes under selection.
Adaptation to anthropogenic climate change in this species may therefore proceed largely from standing variants, and our results suggest this adaptation may involve fewer loci than is often assumed by the infinitesimal model underlying classical quantitative genetics (Barrett and Schluter 2008).
How the root reduction contributes to resistance may involve a locus on chromosome 7 (LG M) where Rzd, an interacting allele needed for resistance to zygote death, was strictly co-inherited in phase with Rhg1/Rfs2-a [ 21].
The nucleus is structurally and functionally compartmentalized, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression may involve repositioning of loci in the nucleus through changes in large-scale chromatin structure.
Incompatibilities may involve a single locus (i.e., heterozygous disadvantage) or multiple loci.
In the remaining 50% the partner remained undetermined, but may involve the light chain loci in samples where cytogenetics or karyotyping was unsuccessful or uninformative.
Such epistatic systems may involve only a few loci (Narciri-Graven and Goudet 2003; Templeton 2008), and adaptations coded by fewer genes may evolve more quickly (Gomulkiewicz et al. 2010).
The recruitment of SET-domain-containing proteins to their chromatin loci may involve their association with "exposed" histone tails and ssDNA and RNA structures, which form during transcription and other nucleosome-templated processes.
This may involve chromatin remodeling of the loci needed for the respective differentiation (see below).
