Sequence analysis revealed that L. hongkongensis and N. meningitidis contain homologues of APS reductase with the characteristic two-cysteine motifs, and the absence of APS kinase homologue in the genomes suggested that the reduction of sulfate to sulfite in these bacteria may not involve PAPS intermediates.
Works of art result from an intention directed at their creation (although in exceptional cases of conceptual art, this directedness may involve many intermediate steps) but it is contested whether artists include in their intentions concerning their work an intention that the work serves some purpose.
But evolution may not necessarily have occurred following a minimum path, because the same change instead may have occurred independently along different branches, and some changes may have involved intermediate steps.
Thus, the assembly of a complex may involve unstable intermediates (i.e. "conformational transition states") that undergo stabilization as oligomerization proceeds.
In developed markets, many financial products including mutual funds, mortgages, and insurance plans involve intermediate marketing steps and fees.
The PH domain in Rom2 suggests that it may involve a lipid intermediate.
We present evidence that, by destabilizing the relevant transition state, the native state of HT cyt c552 can be reached along alternative folding routes, which may involve an off-pathway intermediate.
The protection factors of the most highly protected amide protons were orders of magnitude larger than the value expected from the equilibrium unfolding parameters previously reported, strongly suggesting that the equilibrium unfolding of GroES is more complicated than a simple two-state or three-state mechanism and may involve more than a single intermediate.
Remodeling of the NLP-3 may involve NLP-4 as an intermediate, as evidenced by the appearance of a significant fraction of NLP-4 by 50 days.
The molecular mechanisms leading to MAPK activation via the production of UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not fully understood and may involve interactions between different signalling pathway intermediates.
