Cellular pathways by which this observed synergy is achieved may involve downstream effectors differentially influenced by the inhibition of IGF-1R and c-kit.
Furthermore, although MOPr desensitization in LC neurons from mature rats was homologous, in LC neurons from immature rats it was heterologous and may involve changes in the effector pathway.
We therefore speculate that PAX3-FOXO1/GSK3 β enhancement of cell proliferation may involve KLF6 as a downstream effector as it is also highly expressed in various RMS cell types.
The precise conditions that initiate heritable silencing of effectors remain to be determined, but may involve TE proximity or gene duplication as described earlier.
The mechanisms by which NPD1 counteracted TH-positive apoptosis and dendrite dystrophy triggered by MPP+ and rotenone may involve the activation of PP2A and the inhibition of effector caspases.
Mechanistic studies demonstrated that bystander suppression in vivo may involve transfer of soluble mediators, enhanced by cell contact between Tregs and effectors.
The following signal transport may involve caspase 8, caspase 9, and finally caspase 3 and PARP, which are effectors of apoptotic pathway26.
The recommended choices may involve tradeoffs.
The mission itself may involve another compromise.
This may involve Rho family GTPases, such as RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, which have been implicated in microtubule stabilization, together with their effector proteins [23, 25 28].
