The mechanisms underlying these associations may involve fetal cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations in response to increased transport of specific fatty acids to the placenta and fetus [ 16].
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that may involve serious renal, cardiovascular, and neurologic complications.
The widespread vasculitis or perivasuculitis in scrub typhus may involve the lung, cardiovascular system, brain, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lymph nodes [ 4, 17- 21].
The clinical picture is typically severe, and may involve skin, respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems.
The pathogenesis of encephalopathy may involve endothelial activation and cardiovascular dysfunction.
Abnormal organ function may involve the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system, brain, blood, and/or the immune system.
1 Extra-skeletal inflammation may involve the eyes, skin, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract. 2 AS most commonly affects men younger than 45 years of age, has a peak onset in the second and third decades of life and has a worldwide prevalence of approximately 0.5%.
We applied stringent criteria for grouping the studies according to cardiovascular events, but even stroke subtypes, myocardial infarction, or death due to cardiovascular disease may involve diverse biological mechanisms.
HDL is a major carrier of plasma S1P, and evidence suggests that some of the pleotropic beneficial effects of HDL in the cardiovascular system may involve HDL-mediated delivery of S1P to vascular cells.
As presented in figure 1, likely mechanisms by which sub-daily levels of fine particles (PM) induce acute cardiovascular effects may involve the autonomic nervous system, systemic inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction and/or thrombogenesis [ 1- 3].
