Different distributions of energy and materials may strongly influence fertility, and the regulation of sterility is very complicated.
Taken together, our results suggest that Wolbachia may induce CI by regulating the expression of some key factors, such as reducing Hira expression in males, which may influence sperm fertility and cause CI phenotype.
There are a number of factors that may influence the fertility of women after a diagnosis of breast cancer [ 18, 19].
This may influence male fertility or if the epigenetic modification is subtle it may be transmitted to the zygote through yet unidentified carriers, ultimately affecting health status in the offspring.
Therefore, further investigations are still required before suggesting favourable allele for the innate immune system, such as how the genetic SPP1 variants may influence male fertility or milk composition (e.g. concentration of cholesterol).
In our opinion pH impairment represents only one of the several factors that may influence male fertility, since the aetiological mechanism could involve many other factors such as mean sperm motility, presence of ASA on the spermatozoa surface, and qualitative semen parameters impairment till asthenozoospermia [ 18, 32– 32].
The age at which women begin childbearing may influence other fertility-related variables.
This could be due to the fact that the duration of residence of in-migrants may not be long enough to influence fertility and reproductive health behavior in the study area as migration was categorized broadly.
