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Second, some pathogens may induce broad immune responses, in which host immunity simultaneously attacks multiple sites on the pathogen.
We have recently shown in apolipoprotein E (apoE -deficient mouse model thapoE -deficientactinomouseemodelthat and C. pneumoniae infectionsystemicduce broA. ractinomycetemcomitanseffects including anderations in maC.opneumoniaeesterol homeostasinfectionselial function [ 19], and, mayeover, induce liver morphology, fatty acid composition, and inflammation marker profile [ 20].
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The enhanced production of JA in response to pathogen and insect attack regulates expression of many defence-related genes and may induce broad-spectrum resistance [ 32].
On the other hand, constitutive MYC expression may induce a broad change in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional program that includes many indirect effects.
In addition, recent pre-clinical animal studies also suggests that conserved Shigella invasion proteins may be able to induce broad protection against both S. flexneri and S. sonnei serotypes when given parenterally with a mucosal adjuvant [ 14].
Killed but metabolically active Bacillus anthracis vaccines induce broad and protective immunity against anthrax.
Overexpression of wild-type or activated SRC mutants may induce phosphorylation of this broader subset of targets distinct from the substrates of endogenous c-SRC activated by an upstream growth factor receptor.
Given that stroke involves BBB dysfunction and its extent may vary with infarct sizes, additional albumin administration for stroke patients may induce massive albumin exposure to broad brain regions, resulting in adverse events including intracerebral hemorrhage.
In this section, we argue that communication with relatives abroad may induce a "scale-out" effect, impacting the perception of broader aspects of governance, such as the economic and social roles of the state.
In their review the FDA apparently decided to focus on Feingold's 35-year-old hypothesis (Feingold 1975) rather than on the broader environmental issue of whether food colors may induce adverse behavioral responses.
Video games provide a broader, more contextual approach to cognitive training that may induce cognitive gains and have carry over to daily function.
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