The finding that all the isolates in the sheep associated clade (Farm B) contains an inactivated copy of sbi, a complement- and IgG-binding protein, may indicate host-specific gene decay, as Sbi is not able to bind sheep IgG (Atkins et al, 2008).
For example, in the case of decay fungi, C8-alcohols may indicate unacceptable hosts or non-hosts as a trophic signal for the conifer feeding bark beetle prey, and as a bypass-trophic signal for the predators.
This correlation may indicate similar host interactions, as these genes help regulate the lytic and lysogenic cycles.
Our study may indicate that host switches rather than cospeciation play a more substantial role in Thaparocleidus diversification.
Non-atopic eczema in childhood could be a marker of vulnerability for cervical cancer as some eczema types may indicate compromised host defence.
In contrast to a suggested protective role of atopic eczema, non-atopic types such as seborrhoeic eczema may indicate compromised host defences and represent an increased risk for persistent HPV infection and cervical cancer.
This inconsistency may indicate that the host effect is modulated by changes in atmospheric nutrient inputs.
Initial results showed that, regardless of whether breast- or formula-fed, infants with an increased genetic risk of disease had lower numbers of faecal Bifidobacterium spp. and B. longum, and higher numbers of Staphylococcus, which may indicate that the host's human leucocyte antigen-DQ genotype favours staphylococcal colonisation.
Some of their current hosts, including dunnocks, have few defenses against cuckoos and do not reject cuckoo eggs, which may indicate that these hosts have been targeted by cuckoos relatively recently.
