"Criminalization is not an effective strategy for reducing transmission of infectious diseases and in fact may paradoxically increase infectious disease transmission," they said in a March statement.
Direct influence from demographic factors may increase risks of infectious diseases being transmitted from person-to-person.
The few studies using pathogen challenge in vivo showed that CR may increase susceptibility to infectious diseases (Sun et al., 2001; Gardner, 2005; Kristan, 2007), despite its 'beneficial' impact upon steady-state immunity and in vitro immune response.
Although, overcrowded conditions that accompany urbanization (and particularly urban poverty) may increase risk of infectious diseases, other aspects of resettlement to urban settings may increase the risk of exposure to environmental hazards, in turn linked to the potential for respiratory disease and diarrhea (42).
This technique may increase the containment of infectious diseases such as FMDV as its strongly enhanced sensitivity may facilitate early diagnostics.
High-dose steroids used in the early stages of ARDS have no benefit and may increase the rate of infectious complications [ 71, 72].
The interaction of NK cells and endogenous T-cells is associated with the development of immunosuppression indicated by the inhibition of Th1-cell differentiation and may increase the susceptibility to infectious complications after accidental or surgical injury.
In addition, the majority of patients who have failed initial conventional chemotherapy usually respond poorly to salvage chemotherapy and cannot tolerate more intensive chemotherapy which may increase the risk of infectious morbidity in an immune-compromised population [3], [4].
Furthermore, the direct repercussions or complications of CLL are often nonspecific, including immunodeficiency, and may increase the likelihood of infectious or malignant disease, thereby increasing the opportunity for conditions other than CLL to be recorded as the underlying cause of death.
In the phase II studies of purine analogs (cladribine and fludarabine) in patients with relapsed indolent B-NHL, higher frequencies of drug-related haematological toxicities were reported (Ogura et al, 2004; Tobinai et al, 2006), including reduction of white blood cells, which may increase the risk of infectious disease.
