Medical experts agree that the health consequences of strangulation can be devastating and long-term, and may include strokes, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder and even delayed death days or weeks after the assault.
PTEs refer also to disasters but may include single traumatic events, such as the loss of friends or relatives, traumatic injury, stress, etc.
Adverse mental health outcomes associated with GBV may include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and suicidal thoughts, or substance abuse [ 13, 21, 22].
These may include mental illness, post-traumatic stress, sexual trauma, domestic violence and other underlying sociocultural factors [ 5, 49, 59, 80, 81].
Post-traumatic lesions may include cleft formation and fragmentation.
Specific angiographic signs are rare and may include the following: tumour blush, telangiectasia, traumatic pseudoaneurysm, and even contrast extravasation.
The psychological outcomes may include anger, fear or anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, guilt, self-blame and shame [ 2], decreased job satisfaction and increased intent to leave the organization [ 10], lowered health related quality of life (HRQoL) [ 11], and in some cases, physical outcomes include injuries, and temporary or permanent disability [ 12].
Symptoms may include recurrent, unwanted distressing memories of the traumatic event(s), feeling emotionally numb, hopelessness about the future, always being on guard for danger, insomnia, irritability and difficulty concentrating.
(Int5) One interviewee illustrated this point with describing a patient with a head injury and post traumatic stress disorder, which may include insomnia, depression, fatigue.
The post-traumatic long-term rehabilitation may include the following: help from family members or specialised care providers, yearly treatments in rehabilitation clinics and kinesiology.
