Underlying mechanisms may include the suppression of normal cleansing mechanisms such as coughing, sneezing and nose-blowing, because of sedation and analgesia; in addition, immobility precludes positional changes that improve mucous drainage under normal circumstances [ 24].
Mechanisms through which AZA may impact on immune function include suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, suppression of natural killer cell activity, inhibition of monocyte and antibody production, and inhibition of cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
Mechanisms may include SRA-induced suppression of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression, and increased phosphorylation of Cdk1/Cdc2 (Figure 7).
The mechanism behind the improvement has not been determined but may include active cough suppression, reduced cough sensitivity or increased cough threshold from reduced laryngeal irritation.
Endocrine therapy regimens vary according to patient and tumour characteristics, but may include tamoxifen or ovarian suppression or ablation or both.
Treatment for this disease may include radiation therapy and androgen suppression; surgery and/or chemotherapy are often used.
Possible mechanisms accounting for the suppression of chemokine responsiveness may include ligand-induced receptor internalization and TNF-α-mediated proteolytic degradation of chemokine receptors [ 47].
The HCT conditioning regimens, which may include total body irradiation (TBI) and/or chemotherapy, often result in growth suppression, gonadal dysfunction, thyroid dysfunction, and epiphyseal growth plate damage, all potential causes of short stature (14– 214.
The explanation for the altered 'efficiency' of dairy/Ca rich diets may include increased fecal fat excretion, increased fat oxidation, blunted parathyroid hormone release, suppression of circulating calcitriol or potentially increased PYY concentrations.
These may include slower somatic cell turnover, redundancy of tumor suppressor genes, more efficient immune systems, better suppression of inflammation or resistance to oncogenic viruses.
