Symptoms typically appear in the fifth or sixth decade of life and may include skin abnormalities (e.g., discoloration and nodule formation), heart failure, kidney failure, and enlargement of the spleen and liver.
Other cardiac effects may include ECG abnormalities such as widening of the PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
These findings suggest that the insulin-sensitizing effect of pioglitazone therapy may include reversal of abnormalities in ribosomal protein biosynthesis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
These cardiac abnormalities may include arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and regional wall abnormalities [ 55– 55].
These risk factors may include any combination of abnormalities in the blood vessel wall, abnormalities in the blood flow (as in immobilization), and abnormalities in the consistency of the blood.
Symptoms may include continuing pain, sensory abnormalities like allodynia and/or, hyperalgesia and/or hypoesthesia, along with a range of vasomotor (abnormalities in skin colour or temperature), sudomotor (abnormalities of sweating or oedema) and motor/trophic (abnormalities in hair, skin, nails, tremor or muscle weakness) signs or symptoms.
Peculiarities may include physical or psychological abnormalities, such as having unclear medical conditions.
The limb-bone abnormalities may include short diaphyses, curving of the metaphyses and poor development of the epiphyses.
This may include people with congenital abnormalities [ 20] or genetic conditions [ 21]; people with hearing loss [ 22]; people with mental health problems [ 23, 24].
