On the other hand, the widespread use of a guaranteed show-up fee that is non-stochastic may generate sample selection biases of the opposite direction, encouraging more risk averse samples into experiments.
The diversity of benthos communities among habitats may generate divergent selection, favoring diverse feeding modes in benthivorous fish.
These constraints combined with the substantial fitness cost of lacking resistance to antibiotic-producers may generate stabilizing selection that favors Streptomyces with moderate resistance capacities rather than those having very few or very many antibiotic resistances.
If immunodeficiency viruses had repeatedly affected human populations locally before the current pandemic, this may have generated selection pressure for resistance, which could be reflected in genomic signatures in the chromosomes of the living descendants of the affected populations.
This variability may generate divergent evolutionary selection on parasite life history traits across space and time.
However, weak balancing selection may generate signals very similar to diversifying selection while shared polymorphisms with outgroup species are expected only under very strong balancing selection.
ADAPTATION to local environments may generate a selective response at several loci, either because the fitness-related traits are polygenic or because multiple traits are under selection.
Furthermore, we show how temporal and spatial environmental variability in antioxidant availability, as well as individual variation in food selection, may generate interindividual differences in the expression of life history traits.
Alternatively, speciation involving adaptation to a new niche, or runaway sexual selection, may generate adaptive substitutions which could cause a detectable increase in substitution rate.
Therefore, selection may generate allocation schemes that vary not only between infected and uninfected hosts, but also among different castrator species parasitizing the same host species.
