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Pol κ is believed to be an error-prone enzyme, which may generate mutations when it acts on undamaged templates (Ohashi et al, 2000).
For instance, several groups have postulated that the depurinating adducts formed from 4-OHCEs may generate mutations that initiate cancer, whereas 2-OHCE metabolites may protect against cancer [ 4, 6, 35, 37- 40].
Similar(58)
Widespread hypomethylation contributes to a hyper-mutation state in cancer, which may generate oncogenic mutations or loss of heterozygosity of tumor suppressor genes.
However, the preparation procedure of FFPE tissue with formaldehyde fixation and long-term storage at room temperature may generate DNA mutations and result in the identification of false SNVs or InDels.
It is also important to address other potential cellular events that may generate IAV genomic mutations during viral life cycle.
The induction of transposon activity may generate germ line mutations producing the same phenotypic variants (see also Sato and Siomi 2010 for a discussion of these models).
During the process of ROS-associated OXPHOS, certain mtDNA mutations may generate increased superoxide and nitric oxide and lead to aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis.
(5) Although rarely, spontaneous mutations may generate false positive results, in which case the transposon tag will identify a gene not involved in the observed phenotype.
Such intragenic variability could be related to the various auxiliary proteins and co-factors that bind transiently to RNA Pol II during initiation, elongation, or termination, and may generate different regimes of mutations or DNA repair.
Concomitant inactivation of Chk2 and p53 in breast cancer has been recorded by others [59], and the finding that a somatic mutation may generate a "growth advantage" in tumor cells already harboring a germline CHEK2 mutation may not implicate an effect on drug sensitivity in tumors not yet exposed to cytotoxic compounds.
When phage-resistant bacteria emerge, mutation may generate phage capable of exploiting and thus limiting population expansion among these emergent types.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com