While insulation may facilitate evolution by enabling a modular plug-and-play interconnection architecture, allowing for the creation of new behaviors by adding targets to existing pathways, our work suggests that this potential benefit must be balanced against the metabolic costs of insulation necessarily incurred in not affecting the behavior of existing processes.
However, if there was a molecular mechanism that generationally could facilitate the ability of the environment to alter genotypic and phenotypic variation, such a neo-Lamarckian concept may facilitate evolution (table 1 and fig. 1).
In addition to the theory itself, a strong classroom focus on the scientific process may further facilitate evolution education: both students (Lombrozo et al. 2008; Verhey 2005; Woods and Scharmann 2001) and high school biology teachers (Rutledge and Mitchell 2002; Scharmann and Harris 1992) who are well acquainted with the scientific method are more likely to be accepting of evolutionary theory.
However it has been shown that in certain theoretical scenarios, epistasis may actually facilitate evolution (Wagner et al. 1994).
We also examined pair-wise correlations of these morphological traits between sites within species, the extent of morphological integration among traits, and the ranks of P within sites and species to test the degree to which characteristics of P at geographic range edges may constrain or facilitate evolution.
Further, the capacity of [PSI+] to convert previously neutral genetic variation to a non-neutral state may facilitate the evolution of new traits.
At the early stages, genome duplication may increase evolutionary rates of duplicated genes21,22 and may facilitate the evolution of a new adaptive function because the original function can be retained in other copies (so-called neofunctionalization model)23,24.
Thus, overcrowded cities or densely populated areas of cities can potentially serve as breeding grounds for infectious agents, which may facilitate their evolution, particularly in the case of viruses and bacteria.
We also consider other mechanisms that may serve to "legalize" efficient deviation from international rules, as well as the possibility that breach of international obligations may facilitate efficient evolution of the underlying substantive law.
Moreover, high phylogenetic and antigenic distances between vaccines and circulating strains may facilitate the evolution of virulent NDV [75].
Functional redundancy of AVR genes within the genome may facilitate rapid evolution of the parasite to overcome host resistance by allowing elicitor genes to become inactivated without compromising parasite fitness [5], [37], [38].
