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Experimental data may exhibit substantial overdispersion, which may result from non-stationarity in the behaviour of observers.
The permafrost layer may have a high organic carbon content, like Histosols, or may exhibit substantial vertical mixing of the soil owing to cycles of freezing and thawing, resulting in structures similar to those found in Vertisols.
But, since opposite shifts are expected for forward and backward headings, the resulting tuning curve may exhibit substantial bandwidth changes.
Furthermore, genes showing similar basal expression between sexes may exhibit substantial sex differences in response to stressors.
Second, mite populations may exhibit substantial inbreeding, as often observed in obligate parasite species eg. [ 50], as populations are often small and largely isolated.
(2) Mimic antimicrobial peptides; among them are arylamide and phenylene ethynylene backbone polymers [ 64] ; polynorbornene derivatives, which depending on their structure may exhibit substantial antimicrobial and low hemolytic activity [ 65], and polymethacrylate and polymethacrylamide with hydrophobic and cationic side chains [ 66, 67].
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When operated far from their optimum conditions, pump-turbines may exhibit strong hydrodynamic instabilities, often called rotating stall, which lead to substantial increase of vibration and risk of mechanical failure.
Fluorescent reporters may also exhibit substantial maturation times [25].
However, they may exhibit a substantial degree of spatial overlap and thus contribute to multisensory and sensorimotor interplay.
By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia.
Swanson et al. [ 2] found that major ampullate silk fibers from divergent spider species exhibit substantial variability in their mechanical properties, which may correlate with the phylogenetic distribution of structural motifs we observe in MaSp repetitive sequences.
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