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Bisphosphonates may directly inhibit the activity of several MMPs as tiludronate inhibited MMP-1 and MMP-3 but did not affect MMP production in periodontal ligament cells [ 122].
Recent studies suggest that humic substances in wetland soils can be utilized as organic TEAs for anaerobic respiration and may directly inhibit CH4 production.
TGF-β1 may directly inhibit expression of phospho-p38 and phospho-ERK in microglia and astrocytes, which may reduce neuroinflammation, thereby attenuating neuropathic pain behavior in rats.
Thus, these observations suggest that nocodazole may directly inhibit centriole overduplication by blocking the growth of centriolar tubules.
CA1 interneurons may directly inhibit CA1 pyramidal neurons via GABAergic synaptic inputs, or may excite CA1 pyramidal neurons by inhibiting other CA1 interneurons (i.e., via disinhibition) [69].
However, we have previously shown that hemozoin may directly inhibit erythroid development in vitro and the levels of hemozoin in plasma from patients with malarial anemia and hemozoin within the bone marrow was associated with reduced reticulocyte response.
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All these findings might suggest that, after exercise, increased output from group III and IV muscle afferents may not directly inhibit the motoneurons but may act upstream of the motor cortex to impair voluntary descending motor drive (Taylor et al. 2006).
Activating these pathways may not only restrict tumour growth by induction of apoptosis but they may also directly inhibit IGF-I-induced cell proliferation.
In principle, the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 may also directly inhibit PKC (Ki 26 uM).
In principle, the PKC inhibitor Gö6983 may also directly inhibit voltage dependent Ca2+ channels [29] thus reducing Ca2+ entry and downstream responses.
Lignin may also directly inhibit the activities of cellulolytic enzymes [ 20].
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