Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(2)
For example, chronic stress in response to human presence may decrease reproductive rates [27], [42] if stressed females are less able to get pregnant or carry offspring to term.
Winter warming significantly reduced fruit yield the following summer in both cultivars, corroborating the hypothesis that a decline in winter chill may decrease reproductive effort in blackcurrant.
Similar(58)
Therefore, any decrease in female fetal germ cell number may decrease the reproductive life span.
At the cellular level, Li et al. found that short-term but not long-term ELF-EMF exposure may decrease the reproductive ability of male Drosophila melanogaster through the caspase pathway mediated spermatogenesis [ 29].
However, the fragmented habitats may prevent the establishment of new territories and decrease reproductive opportunities.
Minocherhomji et al. (2009) believe that the increase in the long arm of the Y chromosome may inhibit the expression of genes of spermatogenesis by position-effect variegation (PEV) and decrease reproductive capacity.
At the same time, choosiness may decrease during the reproductive life span because the reproductive value decreases with age [14], [31], [18].
For example, females that are in poor body condition may decrease their current reproductive investment by altering the number or size of offspring produced [ 38, 39], or reduce the duration of maternal care given to offspring [ 40].
As a result, plant size and reproductive success may decrease with plant density (Harper, [1977]; Antonovics and Levin, [1980]; Weiner, [1982]; Mustajärvi et al., [2001]).
However, research has also shown that reproductive factors which may decrease the risk of breast cancer development may explain poorer breast cancer survival [ 14].
When captive populations suffer from inbreeding depression, fitness decreases and mortality rates may increase along with decreased reproductive success and impaired immune function [ 32, 33].
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com