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Metformin may decrease prostate cancer (PCa) risk by reducing hyperinsulinemia-associated carcinogenesis or through direct effects on cancer cells.
While epidemiologic studies suggest that metformin use among diabetics may decrease prostate cancer (PC) incidence, the effect of metformin use on PC outcome is unclear.
Background:While epidemiologic studies suggest that metformin use among diabetics may decrease prostate cancer (PC) incidence, the effect of metformin use on PC outcome is unclear.
16, 17 Other adiposity-related hormonal alterations, such as reduced concentrations of testosterone and higher levels of estrogen may decrease prostate cancer risk.
The biological mechanisms by which PA may decrease prostate cancer risk are unknown, but PA may affect certain hormones hypothesised to be associated with prostate carcinogenesis, including insulin resistance (Goodyear and Kahn, 1998), adiponectin levels (Kelesidis et al, 2006; Bluher et al, 2007), insulin-like growth factors (Chan et al, 1998) and testosterone (Eaton et al, 1999).
31 On the other hand, physical activity may decrease prostate cancer risk by augmenting antioxidant defense mechanisms and immune function, 32 although direct evidence – linking exercise-associated increases in oxidative defense and immunity to lower risk of prostate cancer – is currently unavailable.
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Physical activity may also decrease prostate cancer risk by preventing chronic low-grade inflammation, a condition that shows a positive association with prostate carcinogenesis.
Use of these therapies in the adjuvant setting when the disease may be micrometastatic and potentially more sensitive to therapies may decrease mortality from prostate cancer.
Studies suggest that vitamin E may decrease the risk of prostate cancer.
Growing evidence implies that selenium and vitamin E may decrease the risk of prostate cancer.
Vitamin E and lycopene may decrease the risk of prostate cancer.
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Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com