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IAH may decrease cardiac output by different mechanisms, but the main cause is the reduction in cardiac filling, secondary to increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased venous return from the abdomen and lower limbs [19].
Excessive vasoconstriction and increased systemic vascular resistance may decrease cardiac output, but the direct or indirect effects of phenylephrine infusion on rCBF are unknown.
On the other hand, overly deep levels of anesthesia may decrease cardiac function and organ perfusion.
Data show that it does not routinely prolong the QT interval, which may decrease cardiac arrhythmias in selected populations.
Even norepinephrine, which has some β-adrenergic properties, may decrease cardiac output in the absence of a reduction in vascular tone.
It appears that hyperglycemia may decrease cardiac KATP channels gene expression to account for the changes of cardiovascular function during the early stage of diabetes [ 28].
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Vasopressin may also decrease cardiac output by increasing vascular tone [ 8- 10].
Potentially, β-blockade may not decrease cardiac output or ventricular function if lowering the HR is offset by increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke volume [ 15].
Limited evidence suggests that serum alkaline phosphatase activity may decrease after cardiac surgery in adults and children.
The iNOS KO mice had small baseline differences (e.g. decrease cardiac output) that may be due to differential amounts of eNOS-derived NO [ 38], that may have altered the response to LPS.
In this setting, coronary angiography associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been recommended in the presence of ST elevation [ 2], since it may decrease post-cardiac arrest syndrome and improve survival [ 3].
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